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|commander1= Keith Stalder James Mattis James Cowan |commander2= Abdullah Jannabi (Preacher) Omar Hadid (Field Commander) Abdullah Shaddad (Field Commander) Saleem-Banishari (Ansar-ul-Islam Commander) |strength1= 10,500 troops 2,000 security forces〔 850 troops Total: 13,350 troops |strength2=≈3,700–4,000 insurgents |casualties1= American: 95 killed, 560 wounded〔(Fallujah-Iwo Jima Comparison Raises Eyebrows )〕 (54 killed and 425 wounded from 7 to 16 November) Iraqi: 8 killed, 43 wounded〔 British: 4 killed, 10 wounded Total: 107 killed, 613 wounded |casualties2=1,200–1,500 killed〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=DefenseLink News Article: Fallujah Secure, But Not Yet Safe, Marine Commander Says )〕 1,500 captured〔 |casualties3=≈unknown number of civilians killed }} The Second Battle of Fallujah—code-named Operation ''Al-Fajr'' (Arabic: الفجر "the dawn") and Operation Phantom Fury—was a joint American, Iraqi, and British offensive in November and December 2004, considered the highest point of conflict in Fallujah during the Iraq War. It was led by the U.S. Marine Corps against the Iraqi insurgency stronghold in the city of Fallujah and was authorized by the U.S.-appointed Iraqi Interim Government. The U.S. military called it "some of the heaviest urban combat U.S. Marines have been involved in since the Battle of Huế City in Vietnam in 1968."〔(ScanEagle Proves Worth in Fallujah Fight ), ''DefenseLINK News''〕〔Ricks, Thomas E. (2007). ''Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2003–2005''. Penguin. p. 399. ISBN 0-14-303891-5.〕 This operation was the second major operation in Fallujah. Earlier, in April 2004, coalition forces fought the First Battle of Fallujah in order to capture or kill insurgent elements considered responsible for the deaths of a Blackwater Security team. When coalition forces fought into the center of the city, the Iraqi government requested that the city's control be transferred to an Iraqi-run local security force, which then began stockpiling weapons and building complex defenses across the city through mid-2004.〔Ricks, (2007) pp. 343–346.〕 The second battle was the bloodiest battle of the entire Iraq War, and is notable for being the first major engagement of the Iraq War fought solely against insurgents rather than the forces of the former Ba'athist Iraqi government, which was deposed in 2003. ==Background== In February 2004, control of Fallujah and the surrounding area in the Al-Anbar province was transferred from the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division to the 1st Marine Division. Shortly afterward, on 31 March 2004, four American private military contractors from Blackwater USA were ambushed and killed in the city. Images of their mutilated bodies were broadcast around the world. Within days, U.S. Marine Corps forces launched Operation Vigilant Resolve (4 April 2004) to take back control of the city from insurgent forces. On 28 April 2004, Operation Vigilant Resolve ended with an agreement where the local population was ordered to keep the insurgents out of the city.〔 The Fallujah Brigade, composed of local Iraqis under the command of a former Ba'athist officer named Muhammed Latif, took control of the city. Insurgent strength and control began to grow to such an extent that by 24 September 2004, a senior U.S. official told ABC News that catching Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, said to be in Fallujah, was now "the highest priority," and estimated his troops at 5,000 men, mostly non-Iraqis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Second Battle of Fallujah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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